Les Misérables is a novel by Victor Hugo published in 1862. It follows Jean Valjean, a former convict seeking redemption, who is pursued for years by the police inspector Javert, from 1815 to the Paris uprising of June 1832. Social epic, adventure novel and moral meditation, it is one of the most widely read novels in the world.
The story
Released after nineteen years in prison, originally for stealing bread, Valjean is transformed by the kindness of Bishop Myriel. He becomes a respected factory owner under another name.
He rescues Cosette, the daughter of the poor worker Fantine, from the cruel Thénardiers. Years later Cosette falls in love with Marius, a student who fights on the barricades.
A total novel
The book is divided into five parts and includes long digressions on the battle of Waterloo, the sewers of Paris, convents and slang.
Hugo wanted to write about the whole of society, and especially about poverty, injustice and the power of compassion.
A worldwide success
Written largely in exile on Guernsey, the novel was published simultaneously in several countries and was an immediate triumph.
It has been adapted countless times, including the musical first staged in Paris in 1980 and in London in 1985.
Anecdotes
A one-character telegram
According to a famous story, Hugo asked his publisher about the book's sales with a telegram containing only a question mark, and received an exclamation mark in reply.
Gavroche
The Paris street urchin Gavroche became so famous that his name entered the French language for a cheeky street child.
Frequently asked questions
Who is Jean Valjean?
A former convict who devotes his life to doing good.
Who pursues him?
Inspector Javert.
When was the novel published?
In 1862.